ABSTRACT
In this study, we examined excessive online gaming by adolescents and the resultant effects of their exposure to the online marketing of energy drinks and alcohol, and whether marketing literacy could serve as a mitigating factor. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020. Data were obtained from a sample of 2613 seventh-grade students from 30 middle schools in Taiwan. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The results showed that nearly 18% of the adolescent respondents had used energy drinks, while 75% reported seeing energy-drink advertisements on the internet in the past year. Multiple regression results indicated that factors such as being male, reporting excessive gaming, being exposed to higher levels of online energy-drink marketing, and reporting alcohol use were positively associated with energy-drink consumption. A higher level of online energy-drink marketing-affective literacy, however, was negatively associated with energy-drink consumption. In conclusion, factors that predicted energy-drink consumption among adolescents included excessive gaming and exposure to online energy-drink marketing, but marketing-affective literacy tended to lessen the impact of such advertising.
Subject(s)
Energy Drinks , Video Games , Adolescent , Advertising , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Marketing/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic and significant public health issue. The effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in treating COVID-19 patients has been called into question. AIM: To conduct a meta-analysis on the mortality of COVID-19 patients who require ECMO. METHODS: This analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes 2020 (PRISMA) and has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (number CRD42020227414). A quality assessment for all the included articles was performed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Studies with tenor more COVID-19 patients undergoing ECMO were included. The random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled incidence of mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO. The source of heterogeneity was investigated using subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: We identified 18 articles with 1494 COVID-19 patients who were receiving ECMO. The score of the quality assessment ranged from 5 to 8 on the NOS. The majority of patients received veno-venous ECMO (93.7%). Overall mortality was estimated to be 0.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24-0.39; I 2 = 84.8%] based on random-effect pooled estimates. There were significant differences in mortality between location groups (33.0% vs 55.0% vs 37.0% vs 18.0%, P < 0.001), setting groups (28.0% vs 34.0%, P < 0.001), sample size (37.0% vs 31.0%, P < 0.001), and NOS groups (39.0% vs 19.0%, P < 0.001). However, both subgroup analyses based on location, setting, and sample size, and sensitivity analysis failed to identify the source of heterogeneity. The funnel plot indicated no evident asymmetry, and the Egger's (P = 0.95) and Begg's (P = 0.14) tests also revealed no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION: With more resource assessment and risk-benefit analysis, our data reveal that ECMO might be a feasible and effective treatment for COVID-19 patients.
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To explore scientifically configure medical equipment, standardize distribution of protective materials and manage safely, efficiently in prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia, which comprehensively ensure medical personnel safety and provide support for battle against epidemic. The medical equipment division actively implemented relevant national requirements and coordinated hospital internal, information unblocked and data accuracy. Combined with epidemic character-istics. the needs of key departments were guaranteed based on existing medical equipment and protective materials, and re-fined medical equipment management in emergency situations. The real-time department transfer and scientific management of hospital could effectively respond to risks caused by sudden novel coronavirus pneumonia. In condition of shortage of supplies, hospital was prevented clinical cross-infection and ensured normal operation of medical equipment. which provided reliable and effective medical equipment guarantee. After emergency management during epidemic, summarize effective management and control medical equipment department in special period to ensure overall safe and stable operation at hospital, which has strong practicability and repeatability.
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Background In early 2020, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China greatly increased the burden on medical staff. We aimed to investigate the attitudes of medical practitioners towards arranging rotations for medical students during this period of staff shortage and to assess their psychological state. Methods We used the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) to do a psychological assessment of both medical and non-medical staff from 25 centres in different provinces in China. Participants were recruited through hospital departments, online medical-alumni organisations, and open recruitment through online platforms. Participant eligibility criteria for all participants included being older than 18 years and living in China during the survey period, and participant-specific criteria included the following: medical practitioners had to work as a doctor, nurse, or clinical laboratory technician in a medical institution, and work during the COVID-19 outbreak;medical students had to have majored in clinical medicine, nursing, or clinical laboratory diagnosis, and be on an undergraduate internship (phase 1 student) or postgraduate or standardised trainees (phase 2 student), and had to work during the COVID-19 outbreak;non-medical participants had to work in non-medical industries. Medical staff included medical practitioners and medical students. We used WeChat online questionnaires to investigate the attitude of medical practitioners and medical students to arranging for students to be on duty during the epidemic period. The primary outcomes of this study were attitude of medical staff to medical students, depression index (according to the SDS), and anxiety index (according to the SAS). We used descriptive statistics to analyse demographic covariates, SDS scores, and SAS scores, χ2 and Fisher's exact test to compare categorical data, independent t-tests and one-way ANOVA tests to compare numerical data, LSD tests and Tamhane tests to compare significance in multiple groups, Pearson's tests to compare the goodness of fit of numerical data, and Spearman's tests to compare the goodness of fit of two ordinal category data. This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University (approval number 2020-012). The study was done in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all participants provided informed consent. Findings We recruited 506 people (236 medical staff, of which 150 medical practitioners and 86 medical students, and 270 non-medical staff;130 [26%] men and 376 [74%] women, median age 36 years, IQR 27–45) into our cross-sectional survey. 133 (56%) of 236 medical staff had a positive attitude towards arranging rotations of students on duty, with the most positive being students in phase 2 (34 [68%] of 50 had a positive attitude) and the most negative being senior practitioners (28 [40%] of 70 had a positive attitude). 178 (75%) of 236 medical staff considered students on duty to be high risk, and students in phase 1 (32 [86%] of 37) and senior practitioners (56 [80%] of 70) were particularly worried about this. 160 (68%) of 236 medical staff considered that students who refused to be on duty were excusable, even though some junior practitioners suggested punishing them (17 [22%] of 79). There was no significant difference in SDS and SAS between medical students and medical practitioners, but depression and anxiety was significantly lower than in non-medical staff (SDS 13·69, 95% CI 12·07–15·50, vs SDS 24·20, 21·30–27·11, p=0·0010;SAS 7·54, 5·83–9·46, vs SAS 18·76, 16·22–21·80, p=0·0010). In addition, people with lower education showed a higher index of depression and anxiety than people with higher education (cut-off point for higher education was a bachelor's degree;SDS 14·06, 12·63–15·68, vs SDS 35·03, 30·89–39·09, p=0·0010;SAS 8·52, 6·81–10·34, vs SAS 25·75, 22·41–29·13, p=0·0010). Interpretation Negative psychological states were associat d with lower levels of educational attainment, and people with a high education and a medical background could more clearly recognise the development of the epidemic. The more clinically experienced practitioners were, the more worried they were about risks to students. The government should enact permanent bills to guarantee personal safety and accident compensation of students who are willing to go to the front line. Funding None.
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The main flavonoid components of Radix Tetrastigma (RTF) were extracted and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. In vitro, RTF suppressed the viability of A549 cells, and inhibited the invasion and migration of A549 by damaging the lamellipodium and the structure of F-actin. In vivo, compared to the model group, RTF inhibited the growth of tumor volumes in nude mice, and decreased the weight of tumor. To uncover the inner mechanism, the proliferation-related proteins: PCNA, Ki67 and the apoptosis-related proteins: caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. Compared to the model group, the production levels of PCNA, Ki67 and Bcl-2 were significantly down-regulated by RTF, and the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax were markedly up-regulated. Comprehensively, RTF could suppress the proliferation of A549 and promote the apoptosis of A549, suggesting RTF as a potential resource to fight against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).